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This background paper documents that: (i) As primary users of education services, parents and community members have limited means in measuring the quality of their children's learning outcomes. Tes Cepat is a tool that is simple to administer and easy to understand, yet powerful for both citizens and teachers to act upon; (ii) Dissemination of Tes Cepat results involves relevant stakeholder groups, including parents, community members, teachers, and village officials. They have the skills and motivations to implement the resulting actions. Longer term success of these actions depends on partnerships or collaborations across all relevant education stakeholders; (iii) In KIAT Guru, resulting actions from Tes Cepat take form in the serviceindicators that community members and teachers agree upon. These indicators are consisted of actions that all relevant education stakeholderscan do to improve student's learning in school and at home; (iv) Availability of both paper and digital Tes Cepat provides options for communities to choose which format is most suitable to the quality of their human resources and physical infrastructure, including internet connectivity.

Accountability --- Education --- Education For All --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Social Accountability --- Social Development

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The introduction of citizen engagement into law is an idea that is gaining popularity around the world. New provisions in Kenya's Constitution enshrine openness, accountability, and public participation as guiding principles for public financial management. Yet, translating participation laws into meaningful action on the ground is no simple task. Experience has shown that in the absence of commitment from leaders and citizens and without appropriate capacities and methodologies, public participation provisions may lead to simple tick the box exercises. With support from the Kenya participatory budgeting initiative (KPBI), and the commitment from West Pokot and Makueni county leaders, PB is being tested as a way to achieve more inclusive and effective citizen engagement processes while complying with national legal provisions. This report captures the experiences of Makueni and West Pokot counties.

Civil Society --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Public Sector Development --- Social Development

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The quest for an alternative development model that underlies Moldova's National Development Strategy (NDS), Moldova 2020, is a recognition that the two main drivers of economic growth and poverty reduction since the early 2000s are no longer sustainable. Growth was powered largely by consumption, and poverty reduction mainly by remittances and pensions. Since neither are expected to continue, future growth and poverty reduction will need to be driven increasingly by private sector-led job creation. Moreover, given the country's vulnerability to changes in external demand and weather shocks, due to its small size, open economy, and reliance on agriculture, Moldova's future development path will also need to include measures to renew and protect its human, physical, and social capital stock. Against this background, the main purpose of the FY18-21 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is to support Moldova's transition towards a new, more sustainable and inclusive development and growth model. It is grounded in the NDS, takes into account outcomes of the FY14-17 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), and incorporates the three topmost priorities of the recent Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), namely: (a) strengthening the rule of law and accountability in economic institutions; (b) improving inclusive access to and the efficiency and quality of public services; and (c) enhancing the quality and relevance of education and training for job-relevant skills. These three priorities define and inform the CPF's three focus areas: economic governance, service governance, and skills development, which are supplemented by climate change, a World Bank Group corporate priority, as a cross-cutting theme. The CPF incorporates key lessons learned during the last CPS, that political instability and governance challenges slow the pace of reform and that frequent personnel changes affect portfolio performance. Further, it assumes that the economic, political, and social stability experienced since January 2016 will continue at least until parliamentary elections in November 2018. Given that Moldova's post-election political orientation, policy environment, and stability are uncertain, only the first half of the CPF (FY18-19) is programmed. Activities for the second half (FY20-21) will be defined during the FY19 Performance and Learning Review (PLR).

Gender --- Governance --- International Governmental Organizations --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Poverty Reduction --- Social Development

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The country partnership framework (CPF) for Brazil covers the six-year period from FY18 to FY23.1 The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Brazil growth strategy presented by the authorities and is rooted in the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Brazil, which contains an analysis of key constraints for inclusive and sustainable growth. The CPF supports the country in making further progress on the WBG twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity through a program that focuses on creating the conditions for faster job growth. The CPF reflects the priorities of the Brazilian authorities and the resources and capacity of the WBG to deliver against these priorities. The CPF is built around three focus areas: (i) fiscal consolidation and government effectiveness; (ii) private sector investment and productivity; and (iii) equitable and sustainable development. The CPF continues the strong focus on improved service delivery that was at the center of the previous strategy, including through the implementation of the large existing portfolio, but with a growing emphasis on new management models that promise to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the public sector in addition to safeguarding access for the poor.

Gender --- Governance --- International Governmental Organizations --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Poverty Reduction --- Social Development

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"Can-and should-participation be a means of achieving sustainability? The concepts of sustainability and participation are both in vogue, and many international, supranational and national legal texts and standards refer to these two concepts. However, there are still several unanswered questions that invite legal inquiry: which sustainability? Which kinds of participation? Participation by whom? How are the two concepts of sustainability and participation effectively interlinked in legal provisions? This book approaches the interconnection between sustainability and participation inductively and precisely in areas of law which are commonly associated with sustainability and sustainable development: national, European and international environmental and economic law"--

Sustainable development --- Law and legislation --- sustainable development. --- environmental law. --- economic law. --- EU law. --- civic engagement. --- participatory democracy.